different heating methods with efficiency comparison Summary Table
| Activity | Efficiency | Adjusted Efficiency |
| Boiling water on gas stove, full blast, no lid | 16% | — |
| Boiling water in same pot, smaller burner, with lid | 27% | — |
| Boiling water in kettle on small gas burner | 27% | — |
| Heating water in microwave oven | 43% | 15% |
| Boiling water in electric kettle | 50–80% | 18–28% |
| Hot water heater, including tank loss | 55% | — |
| Hot water heater, without tank loss | 64% | — |
The adjusted efficiency is the fossil fuel equivalent if electricity is derived from fossil resources (coal, natural gas) at 35% efficiency. The range on the electric kettle depends on how quickly the kettle shuts off in response to boiling water.
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